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<v Instructor>So, we connected our application</v>

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with the database using Mongoose in the last lecture.

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But wait, what actually is Mongoose?

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Well, Mongoose is an object data modeling library

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for MongoDB and Node JS,

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providing a higher level of abstraction.

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So, it's a bit like the relationship

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between Express and Node,

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so Express is a layer of abstraction over regular Node,

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while Mongoose is a layer of abstraction

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over the regular MongoDB driver.

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And by the way, an object data modeling library

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is just a way for us to write JavaScript code

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that will then interact with a database.

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So, we could just use a regular MongoDB driver

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to access our database, and it would work just fine,

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but instead we use Mongoose,

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because it gives us a lot more functionality out of the box,

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allowing for faster and simpler development

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of our applications.

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So, some of the features Mongoose give us

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is schemas to model our data and relationship,

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easy data validation, a simple query API,

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middleware, and much more.

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In Mongoose, a schema is where we model our data,

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so where we describe the structure of the data,

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default values, and validation.

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We then take that schema and create a model out of it.

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And the model is basically a wrapper

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around the schema, which allows us to actually interface

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with the database in order to create, delete, update,

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and read documents.

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All right, so this was just a very quick introduction.

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Now, let's actually go ahead

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and create a simple schema and model.